A Reference for Ear & Hand

The Complete Scale

Major, Harmonic Minor, Melodic Minor, Major Pentatonic & Minor Blues — piano keys, staff notation, and scale-degree numbers, for all twelve keys.

Five Shapes, One Vocabulary

Every scale below is built the same way: a fixed pattern of steps from the root. W = whole step (2 semitones), H = half step (1 semitone), WH = step-and-a-half (3 semitones, a minor third). Learn one formula, and it works in any key.

C · C♯/D♭ · D · D♯/E♭ · E · F · F♯/G♭ · G · G♯/A♭ · A · A♯/B♭ · B